La Norma ISO 37001 ha nacido para ayudar a incrementar los avances que las numerosas herramientas ya existentes están logrando (como convenciones internacionales, leyes nacionales, buenas prácticas, etc.) en la lucha contra el soborno ya que se ha establecido como uno de los graves riesgos a los que se enfrentan en su día a día todas las organizaciones.
Las repercusiones de los sobornos.
Si se establece en cifras el impacto de la corrupción asciende aproximadamente a los 2.000 millones de euros de forma global y por el periodo de un año. Es decir, representa el 2% de la economía global.
Sin embargo, esta imagen no nos permite ver más que la magnitud del problema, sin poder discernir todos aquellos aspectos a los que afecta esta conducta delictiva. Entre algunas de sus consecuencias más directas se encuentran las siguientes:
- perjudica la competencia real en todos los sectores
- incrementa los costes asociados a hacer negocios
- distorsiona las relaciones comerciales
- aumenta los costes relacionados con la realización de los productos y servicios
- incide negativamente en la calidad
- destruye la confianza
- e interfiere negativamente en la evolución, crecimiento y mejora de los mercados.
De esta forma, el soborno transciende de unas simples cifras para dibujarnos todo un escenario y un futuro que tenemos que tener presente y para el que es necesario establecer medidas eficaces en la actualidad para prevenir que estas consecuencias se incrementen y lleguen a dañar de forma irreversible la situación del mercado y de las distintas empresas de todos los sectores.
El papel de la Norma ISO 37001
La Norma ISO 37001, Sistema de Gestión Antisoborno, es genérica debido a que persigue el objetivo de que pueda ser aplicada por todas las empresas sin distinguir tipo, dimensiones, naturaleza de su actividad o si es pública o privada.
Además, está diseñada como una herramienta independiente, evaluable y compatible con otros sistemas de gestión de la empresa ya disponga o que tenga previsto implantar debido a la adopción de la estructura de alto nivel. Entre las opciones de compatibilidad se encuentra la Norma ISO 9001:2015, la Norma ISO 27001:2014, o la Norma ISO 14001:2015,
La propia ISO en el documento “ISO 37001, Anti-bribery management systems” los define como:
“An anti-bribery management system is designed to instil an anti-bribery culture within an organization and implement appropriate controls, which will in turn increase the chance of detecting bribery and reduce its incidence in the first place. ISO 27001, Anti-bribery management systems – Requirements with guidance for use, gives the requirements and guidance for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an anti-bribery management system.”
De esta forma, la Norma ISO 37001 se centra en aspectos como:
- Establecer una cultura que promueva la integridad, transparencia y compliance.
- Adoptar una política clara antisoborno.
- Formación como parte de conseguir los objetivos de integridad y transparencia.
- Evaluación de los riesgos asociados al soborno.
- Establecimiento de procesos de diligencia y controles tanto financieros como comerciales.
- Información e investigación.
Se puede destacar algunos de los beneficios que aportará a las empresas su aplicación como son una clara mejora de la reputación de la empresa al demostrar su compromiso y transparencia tan necesaria y parte de las expectativas que las distintas partes interesadas colocan sobre ella.
Además, disminuye el riesgo de que la empresa se vea envuelta en una situación de delito de soborno, permite y promueve el cumplimiento de la legislación de los distintos países en los que opere y la adopción de buenas prácticas, mejora la situación competitiva y mejora los mercados, estos dos aspectos vistos como beneficios claramente globales y que tardarán más tiempo en tomar forma.
Para finalizar, la ISO en el anterior documento nos indica brevemente los siguientes beneficios de aplicar la Norma ISO 37001 en todas las empresas:
[:en]Corruption is one of the major problems to be addressed globally and thus has manifested itself in the Global Anti-Corruption Summit held in London in May this year 2016. This meeting was the G20 countries, the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, among other international organizations, demonstrating the global concern and the need to seek a unified and effective solution.“ In this way, it helps to reduce the risk of bribery occurring and can demonstrate to your management, employees, owners, funders, customers and other business associates that you have put in place internationally recognized good practice anti-bribery controls. It can also provide evidence in the event of a criminal investigation that you have take reasonable steps to prevent bribery”.
The ISO 37001 Standard is born to help increase the numerous advances that are making existing tools (such as international conventions, national laws, best practices, etc.) in the fight against bribery and is established as one of the serious risks they face in their day to day all organizations.
The impact of bribery.
If set to figures the impact of corruption amounting to approximately 2,000 million euros globally and for the period of one year. That is, it represents 2% of the global economy.
However, this does not allow us to see the magnitude of the problem, unable to discern all those aspects that affect this criminal behavior. Among some of his most direct consequences are the following:
harms real competition in all sectors
increases the costs associated with doing business
distorts trade relations
increased costs related to the realization of products and services
negative impact on quality
destroys trust
and negatively interferes with the development, growth and improvement of markets.
Thus, bribery transcends a simple numbers to draw us a whole scenario and a future that we must be present and the need to establish effective measures now to prevent these consequences increase and reach irreversibly damage the market situation and the different companies in all sectors.
The role of ISO 37001
ISO 37001, Anti-Bribery Management System, is generic because it pursues the objective of which can be applied by all companies without distinguishing type, size, nature of their activity or whether public or private.
In addition, it is designed as an independent, evaluable and compatible tool with other management systems the company already have or plan to implement due to the adoption of high-level structure. Recreational compatibility is ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 27001: 2014 or ISO 14001: 2015,
ISO itself in «ISO 37001, Anti-bribery management systems» defined as:
«An anti-bribery management system is designed to instil an anti-bribery culture Within an organization and Implement Appropriate controls, Which will in turn Increase the chance of detecting bribery and reduced STI incidence in the first place. ISO 27001, Anti-bribery management systems – Requirements With guidance for use, Gives the requirements and guidance for Establishing, Implementing, Maintaining and Improving an anti-bribery management system. »
Thus, the ISO 37001 standard focuses on aspects such as:
- Establish a culture that promotes integrity, transparency and compliance.
- Adopt a clear anti-bribery policy.
- Training as part of achieving the objectives of integrity and transparency.
- Assessment of the risks associated with bribery.
- Establishing diligence processes and controls both financial and commercial.
- Information and research.
You can highlight some of the benefits that companies provide application such as a clear improvement of the reputation of the company to demonstrate its commitment and transparency as necessary and expectations of the various stakeholders place on it.
It also reduces the risk that the company is embroiled in a situation of crime of bribery, allows and promotes compliance with the legislation of the various countries in which it operates and the adoption of best practices, improve the competitive position and enhances markets, these two aspects clearly seen as global benefits and that will take longer to take shape.
Finally, the ISO in the previous paper briefly indicates the following benefits of applying the ISO 37001 standard in all companies:
«In this way, it reduces the risk Helps to bribery of occurring and can Demonstrate to your management, employees, owners, funders, customers and other business associates that you ‘Have put in place Internationally Recognised good practice anti-bribery controls. It can Also Provide evidence in the event of a criminal investigation that you ‘take reasonable steps Have to Prevent bribery «.[:]